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1.
Medwave ; 19(5): e7640, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1005862

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN Se ha planteado que factores ambientales y relacionados con el estilo de vida pueden contribuir a la severidad y progresión de la inflamación en la artritis reumatoide. Una intervención que genera un alto interés, debido a sus supuestas propiedades antiinflamatorias es la dieta mediterránea. MÉTODOS Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES Identificamos siete revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron cuatro estudios primarios, de los cuales sólo uno corresponde a un ensayo aleatorizado. Concluimos que la dieta mediterránea podría hacer poca o nula diferencia en el dolor articular o actividad de la enfermedad, y aumentar levemente el peso en pacientes con artritis reumatoide, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. Por otra parte, no es posible establecer con claridad si la dieta mediterránea tiene algún efecto sobre la funcionalidad, rigidez matinal o calidad de vida, debido a que la certeza de la evidencia existente ha sido evaluada como muy baja.


INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that environmental and lifestyle factors might contribute to the severity and progression of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. An intervention generating high interest due to its supposed anti-inflammatory properties is the Mediterranean diet. METHODS We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified seven systematic reviews including four primary studies, of which only one corresponded to a randomized trial. We concluded Mediterranean diet may make little or no difference in pain or disease activity and may slightly increase weight in rheumatoid arthritis patients, but the certainty of the evidence is low. On the other hand, it was not possible to clearly establish whether Mediterranean diet has any effect on functionality, morning stiffness or quality of life as the certainty of the existing evidence has been assessed as very low.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Quality of Life , Diet, Mediterranean , Pain/etiology , Pain/drug therapy , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Databases, Factual
2.
Medwave ; 19(2): e7605, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-987299

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN Las infecciones de transmisión sexual, incluida el VIH, son un importante problema de salud pública. Cada día más de un millón de personas contraen una infección de transmisión sexual. Los sistemas de salud están buscando soluciones para mejorar la educación y lograr cambios en el comportamiento de las personas para prevenir infecciones de transmisión sexual. Las intervenciones digitales basadas en tecnologías móviles en salud (M-health), en especial las basadas en teléfonos móviles, podrían ser una importante herramienta en salud pública para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual/VIH. Esta revisión sistemática resume la evidencia sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones basadas en teléfonos móviles para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual/VIH. MÉTODOS Y ANÁLISIS El protocolo fue diseñado y será reportado en concordancia con la directriz "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P)". Se incluirán ensayos controlados aleatorizados que evalúen el efecto de las intervenciones basadas en teléfonos móviles para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual/VIH. Las intervenciones de interés serán aquellas dirigidas a usuarios de teléfonos móviles, basada en cualquier función o aplicación que pueda usarse o enviarse y que hayan sido diseñadas para educar, promocionar o modificar conductas para reducir comportamiento sexual de riesgo y prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual incluyendo VIH. La búsqueda electrónica para identificar los estudios se realizará en el Registro Cochrane Central de ensayos controlados (CENTRAL), en EMBASE y MEDLINE/PubMed. Se evaluará el riesgo de sesgo utilizando la herramienta recomendada por la colaboración Cochrane. Se realizará metanálisis y se presentarán los datos mediante el método GRADE.


INTRODUCTION Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, are an important public health problem. Every day, over one million persons become infected with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Health systems are searching for solutions to improve sex education and change the sexual behavior of people in order to prevent them. In public health, digital interventions based on mobile health technologies (M-health), especially those based on mobile phones, might be a crucial tool for the prevention of STIs and HIV. This systematic will review and summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of mobile phone-based interventions for the prevention of STIs and HIV. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The protocol was designed and will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). The protocol will include randomized controlled trials that assess the effect of interventions based on mobile phones for the prevention of STIs/HIV. The interventions of interest will be those targeting mobile phone users and should consist of providing information by mobile phone through any function or application that can be used or sent to, and that has been designed to educate, promote or modify sexual behaviors and prevent STIs, including HIV. The data sources to identify these studies will be the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE and MEDLINE. The risk of bias will be assessed using the tool recommended by Cochrane. Finally, a meta-analysis will be done and data will be presented following the GRADE method.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sex Education/methods , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Cell Phone , Systematic Reviews as Topic , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
3.
Medwave ; 19(4): e7625, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-997894

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN En pacientes con cáncer testicular avanzado tipo seminoma que tienen lesiones residuales post quimioterapia de más de 3 cm, el PET-CT podría seleccionar un subgrupo susceptible de ser manejado con seguimiento, evitando una resección quirúrgica innecesaria de tumor no viable. MÉTODOS Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES Identificamos tres revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 11 estudios primarios, de los cuales, ninguno es un ensayo aleatorizado. Concluimos que el uso de PET-CT en la evaluación de masas residuales post quimioterapia en pacientes con cáncer testicular tipo seminoma podría evitar un porcentaje importante de cirugías innecesarias (certeza de la evidencia baja). Además, el uso de PET-CT podría presentar balances riesgo/beneficio y costo/beneficio favorables en el manejo de pacientes con cáncer testicular tipo seminoma. Sin embargo, se requieren revisiones sistemáticas y estudios primarios que evalúen directamente el impacto diagnóstico del test.


INTRODUCTION The use of PET-CT could select a subgroup of advanced testicular seminoma patients that display post-chemotherapy residual masses measuring >3 cm and could be managed with surveillance, avoiding unnecessary surgical resection of unviable tumor masses. METHODS We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified three systematic reviews that included eleven primary studies; none of these were randomized trials. We concluded the assessment of postchemotherapy residual masses by PET-CT in testicular seminoma patients may prevent unnecessary surgeries, but the certainty of the evidence is low. Furthermore, PET-CT could also offer a favorable risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratio for the management of testicular seminoma patients. However, systematic reviews and primary studies assessing the direct diagnostic impact of PET-CT are required.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Testicular Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Seminoma/diagnostic imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Testicular Neoplasms/drug therapy , Databases, Factual , Seminoma/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
4.
Medwave ; 18(1): e7134, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-909743

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La resección transuretral es el método de elección para la resolución endoscópica de la uropatía obstructiva baja por hiperplasia benigna de la próstata menor a 80cc. Tradicionalmente esta ha sido realizada con asas de resección que utilizan energía monopolar. El uso de energía bipolar ha desplazado la tecnología precedente en el último tiempo. Se dispone a evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de ambas tecnologías para la técnica. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos 13 revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 32 estudios primarios, de los cuales 31 corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que, si bien podrían no existir diferencias de eficacia entre ambas técnicas, la utilización de energía bipolar disminuye la incidencia de síndrome post resección transuretral y probablemente disminuye el riesgo de sangrado que requiere transfusión.


INTRODUCTION: Transurethral resection is currently considered as standard endoscopic treatment for lower urinary tract obstruction due to benign hyperplasia under 80 cc. Monopolar resection loops has been traditionally used but bipolar energy has recently displaced precedent technology. The purpose of this summary is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of both technologies. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified 13 systematic reviews including 32 primary studies, among them 31 randomized trials. We concluded although there may be no difference in terms of efficacy among both techniques, the use of bipolar energy reduces the incidence of transurethral resection syndrome and probably reduces the risk of bleeding that requires red blood cell transfusion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery , Transurethral Resection of Prostate/methods , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/surgery , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control , Databases, Factual , Treatment Outcome
5.
Medwave ; 18(1): e7151, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-910365

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha planteado que la estimulación del sueño con cannabinoides podría constituir una alternativa terapéutica en pacientes con insomnio. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos ocho revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen tres estudios primarios, de los cuales dos corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que no está claro si los cannabinoides tienen un efecto en la severidad del insomnio o en la calidad del sueño; que podrían no tener efecto en la conciliación del sueño, despertar del sueño ni comportamiento durante vigilia, y probablemente se asocian a efectos adversos frecuentes.


INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that cannabinoids would constitute a therapeutic alternative for patients with insomnia. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified eight systematic reviews including three studies overall, of which two were randomized trials. We concluded it is not clear whether cannabinoids have an effect on insomnia severity or on sleep quality; that they might have no effect on sleep conciliation, sleep awakening or behavior during wakefulness, and are probably associated with frequent adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cannabinoids/therapeutic use , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Databases, Factual , Treatment Outcome
6.
Medwave ; 18(1): e7153, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-910393

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se postula que los cannabinoides pudieran tener beneficios en la fibromialgia, sin embargo, su efectividad clínica sigue siendo un tema de discusión. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos quince revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen dos ensayos aleatorizados pertinentes. Concluimos que no está claro si los cannabinoides tienen beneficios en la fibromialgia porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja. Por otra parte, están asociados a efectos adversos frecuentes.


INTRODUCTION: Cannabinoids have been proposed as a therapeutic alternative for fibromyalgia. However, their clinical effectiveness is a matter of debate. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified fifteen systematic reviews including two randomized trials overall. We concluded it is not clear whether cannabinoids have any benefit in fibromyalgia because the certainty of the evidence is very low. On the other hand, they are associated to frequent adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cannabinoids/therapeutic use , Fibromyalgia/drug therapy , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Databases, Factual , Treatment Outcome
7.
Medwave ; 18(2): e7185, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-912141

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La infección del tracto urinario es la infección bacteriana más común y su recurrencia es frecuente. Entre las variadas medidas que potencialmente disminuirían este riesgo se ha planteado el uso de probióticos. Sin embargo, no está claro si realmente son efectivos. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud a nivel mundial, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos seis revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron nueve estudios, entre ellos siete ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que no está claro si los probióticos disminuyen el riesgo de infección urinaria sintomática, porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja.


INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection and recurrences are common. Probiotics have been proposed as an alternative to decrease this risk. However, it is not clear if they are really effective. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified six systematic reviews including nine studies overall, of which seven were randomized trials. We concluded it is not clear whether probiotics decrease the risk of symptomatic urinary tract infection, because the certainty of the evidence is very low.


Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Tract Infections/prevention & control , Probiotics/administration & dosage , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Databases, Factual , Treatment Outcome
9.
Medwave ; 18(7): e7321, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-966430

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hemorragia subaracnoidea es una urgencia neuroquirúrgica que requiere un diagnóstico oportuno, debido a su gravedad y a la existencia de medidas terapéuticas que son efectivas cuando se llevan a cabo a tiempo. La secuencia diagnóstica más utilizada para descartarla es la tomografía computarizada sin contraste, que de ser negativa es seguida de una punción lumbar. Sin embargo, se ha planteado que la tomografía computarizada sin contraste negativa podría bastar por sí sola. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos tres revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron nueve estudios primarios. Concluimos que la exactitud diagnóstica de la tomografía computarizada sin contraste es probablemente muy alta, aunque aún existen estudios que evalúen el impacto clínico de basar las decisiones clínicas únicamente en este test.


INTRODUCTION: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a neurosurgical emergency that requires timely diagnosis due to its severity and the existence of therapeutic measures that are effective when carried out in time. The most used diagnostic sequence to rule it out is computed tomography without contrast which, if negative, is followed by lumbar puncture. However, it has been suggested that a negative non-contrast computed tomography (without blood) may rule out the diagnosis. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified three systematic reviews including nine studies. We concluded the diagnostic accuracy of non-contrast computed tomography is probably very high, but the clinical impact of relying only on this test has not yet been evaluated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Spinal Puncture/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Databases, Factual
10.
Medwave ; 18(8): e7370, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-969315

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN El tratamiento de la apendicitis aguda por vía laparoscópica reduce el riesgo de infección de la herida operatoria, disminuye el tiempo de hospitalización y acelera el retorno a las actividades. Sin embargo, aumenta el riesgo de infecciones intraabdominales, lo cual constituye uno de las principales riesgos del tratamiento quirúrgico laparoscópico de la apendicitis complicada. MÉTODOS Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES Identificamos seis revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 55 estudios primarios, de los cuales, cuatro corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que la laparoscopía, en comparación con la cirugía abierta, probablemente disminuye el tiempo de estadía hospitalaria, y podría disminuir el riesgo de infección de la herida operatoria, pero no está claro si existen diferencias en la incidencia de absceso intraabdominal porque la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja.


INTRODUCTION The treatment of acute appendicitis using laparoscopy reduces the risk of wound infection, hospitalization time and return to normal activity. However, it increases the risk of intra-abdominal abscess, which is one the main complications of complicated appendicitis. METHODS We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified six systematic reviews including 55 studies overall, of which four were randomized trials. We concluded that the used of laparoscopy, compared to open appendectomy, probably reduces the time of hospital stay, and may reduce the risk of wound infection, but there's no clarity regarding the incidence of intra-abdominal abscess due to the very low certainty of the evidence available.


Subject(s)
Humans , Appendectomy/methods , Appendicitis/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Databases, Factual , Treatment Outcome , Abdominal Abscess/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
11.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 70(1): 25-30, abr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577219

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La literatura médica ha aumentado exponencialmente en los últimos años, y la otorrinolaringología no ha estado ajena a este fenómeno. Sin embargo estudios internacionales revelan que la mayoría de los artículos publicados en revistas de esta especialidad corresponden a diseños de estudio con un alto riesgo de sesgo. Objetivo: Evaluar las publicaciones de la Revista Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, con respecto al diseño de los estudios incluidos, tema de la especialidad a la cual se refieren y lugar donde se realizaron los estudios. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde dos revisores analizaron de manera independiente todos los artículos publicados en esta revista durante los años 2003 a 2008. Resultados: El diseño de serie de casos fue el más utilizado, con 62,9 por ciento. El 31,4 por ciento de los trabajos abordó un tema de otología/otoneurología y 78,1 por ciento de los artículos fueron realizados en un centro formador de especialistas en otorrinolaringología. Discusión: Los artículos publicados en la revista seleccionada corresponden principalmente a estudios con alto riesgo de sesgo. En la actualidad existe un desbalance importante entre los temas que están siendo estudiados, y también entre los centros donde se está llevando a cabo la investigación en otorrinolaringología.


Introduction: Medical literature has experienced an important growth in past years, and otorhinolaryngology has not been the exception. However, international studies have revealed that most articles published in journals of this specialty correspond to study designs with a high risk of bias. Aim: To evaluate all articles published in the journal of Revista Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, according to the study design, area of the specialty that is involved and place where the studies were conducted. Material and method: Two reviewers independently analyzed the original articles published in this journal from 2003 to 2008. Results: Case series design was the most commonly used, with 62.9 percent of the studies. 31.4 percent of the articles were about otology/neurotology and 78.1 percent were performed in an educational and academic center where otorhinolaryngology specialists are trained. Discussion: Articles published in the selected journal corresponded mainly to studies with a high risk of bias. There is an imbalance in the areas of the specialty that have been studied, and also in the places where these studies have been conducted.


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Otolaryngology , Periodicals as Topic , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Publication Bias
12.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(5): 701-708, mayo 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-521875

ABSTRACT

The amount of information in health care has steadily grown in the past years and this trend will probably continue in the near future. Traditional ways to keep updated are no longer sufficient, particularly in broad areas of knowledge as Internal Medicine or Family Medicine. Therefore, it is necessary to use new approaches. The present article describes five proposals for the clinician that tries to maintain updated but feels overwhelmed by the amount of available information.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diffusion of Innovation , Education, Medical, Continuing/methods , Internet , Professional Competence , Education, Medical, Continuing/trends , Evidence-Based Medicine , Knowledge
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(10): 1353-1357, Oct. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-503907

ABSTRACT

Background & Aims: Norfloxacin is highly effective in preventing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhosis, but its role in the primary prevention of this complication is uncertain. Methods: Patients with cirrhosis and low protein ascitic levéis (<15 g/L) with advanced liver failure (Child-Pugh score >9 points with serum bilirubin level >3 mg/dL) or impaired renal function (serum creatinine level >1.2 mg/dL, blood urea nitrogen level >25 mg/dL, or serum sodium level <130 mEq/L) were included in a randomized controlled trial aimed at comparing norfloxacin (35 patients) vs placebo (33 patients) in the primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The main end points of the trial were 3-month and 1-year probability of survival. Secondary end points were 1-year probability of development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome. Results: Norfloxacin administration reduced the 1-year probability of developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (7 percent vs 61 percent, P <0.001) and hepatorenal syndrome (28 percent vs 41 percent, P 0.02), and improved the 3-month (94 percent vs 62 percent, P 0.003) and the 1-year (60 percent vs 48 percent, P 0.05) probability of survival compared with placebo. Conclusions: Primary prophylaxis with norfloxacin has a great impact in the clinical course of patients with advanced cirrhosis. It reduces the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, delays the development of hepatorenal syndrome, and improves survival.

15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(11): 1476-1479, nov. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-439942

ABSTRACT

Background: The prophylactic use of fluoroquinolones in patients with cancer and neutropenia is controversial and is not a recommended intervention. Methods: We randomly assigned 760 consecutive adult patients with cancer in whom chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (<1000 neutrophils per cubic millimeter) was expected to occur for more than seven days to receive either oral levofloxacin (500 mg daily) or placebo from the start of chemotherapy until the resolution of neutropenia. Patients were stratified according to their underlying disease (acute leukemia vs solid tumor or lymphoma). Results: An intention-to-treat analysis showed that fever was present for the duration of neutropenia in 65 percent of patients who received levofloxacin prophylaxis, as compared with 85 percent of those receiving placebo (243 of 375 vs 308 of 363; relative risk, 0.76; absolute difference in risk, -20 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -26 to -14 percent; P=0.001). The levofloxacin group had a lower rate of microbiologically documented infections (absolute difference in risk, -17 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -24 to -10 percent; P <0.001), bacteremias (difference in risk, -16 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -22 to -9 percent; P <0.001), and single-agent gram-negative bacteremias (difference in risk, -7 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -10 to -2 percent; P <0.01) than did the placebo group. Mortality and tolerability were similar in the two groups. The effects of prophylaxis were also similar between patients with acute leukemia and those with solid tumors or lymphoma. Conclusions: Prophylactic treatment with levofloxacin is an effective and well-tolerated way of preventing febrile episodes and other relevant infection-related outcomes in patients with cancer and profound and protracted neutropenia. The long-term effect of this intervention on microbial resistance in the community is not known.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Evidence-Based Medicine , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neutropenia/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Neutropenia/chemically induced , Ofloxacin/therapeutic use , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards
17.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(10): 1225-1228, oct. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-420139

ABSTRACT

Malignant neuroleptic syndrome is a complication of antipsychotic medication use. Clozapine use is also associated with polyserositis and eosinophilia. We report a 17 years old female treated with clozapine, valproic acid, lithium carbonate and lorazepam that consulted in the emergency room for confusion, lethargy, catatonia, rigidity, myalgya and fever. Complete blood count showed eosinophilia. An abdominal CAT scan showed ascites and pleural effusion. Clozapine was discontinued and bromocriptine was started. One week after admission, the patient remained febrile and liver enzymes were elevated. Valproic acid was discontinued. Inflammatory parameters stated to subside and the patient was discharged afebrile days after admission.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Clozapine/adverse effects , Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome/etiology , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(4): 439-446, abr. 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, MINSALCHILE | ID: lil-417382

ABSTRACT

Background: Well designed clinical trials yield the strongest evidence for the effect of health care interventions. Aim: To assess the methodological quality of the design and report of randomized clinical trials in a sample, published in biomedical Chilean journals between 1980 and 2002. Material and methods: All trials identified by hand search by the Unit of Evaluation of Technologies in Health, were assessed for quality of randomization, blinding, analysis of results and other characteristics of trial design, along with the application of Jadad's Score, that assesses the methodological quality of clinical trials in a scale that ranges from 0 to 5. Results: Twenty eight trials were found and assessed, 75 percent (n=21) specified the method used for randomization, 29 percent (n=8) described a correct allocation concealment and 39 percent (n=11) were double blinded. Withdrawals and dropouts were correctly reported in 21 percent (n=6) of the articles, whereas intention to treat analysis was done only in one. Thirteen trials had a Jadad score equal or higher than 3 points. Conclusions: Several design deficiencies were found in the trials assessed. It is difficult to know if methodological weaknesses are due to incomplete reports or to methodologically poor designs. Adopting initiatives like the CONSORT can help improve the quality of randomized clinical trials published in Biomedical Chilean journals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Periodical , Research Design
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(2): 246-249, feb. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-398060

ABSTRACT

Las RS representan el más alto nivel de evidencia, sí y sólo sí, han sido realizadas con las precauciones necesarias para reducir la posibilidad de sesgo durante su realización, de modo que sintetice de manera confiable toda la evidencia de alta calidad disponible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Review , Evidence-Based Medicine/standards , Meta-Analysis , Reproducibility of Results
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